<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Teaching | Itzel Vázquez S.</title><link>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/</link><atom:link href="https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><description>Teaching</description><generator>Hugo Blox Builder (https://hugoblox.com)</generator><language>en-us</language><lastBuildDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><image><url>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/media/icon_hu7729264130191091259.png</url><title>Teaching</title><link>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/</link></image><item><title>Learn Python</title><link>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/python/</link><pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/python/</guid><description>&lt;p>&lt;a href="https://hugoblox.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hugo Blox Builder&lt;/a> is designed to give technical content creators a seamless experience. You can focus on the content and the Hugo Blox Builder which this template is built upon handles the rest.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Embed videos, podcasts, code, LaTeX math, and even test students!&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;p>On this page, you&amp;rsquo;ll find some examples of the types of technical content that can be rendered with Hugo Blox.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="video">Video&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Teach your course by sharing videos with your students. Choose from one of the following approaches:&lt;/p>
&lt;div style="position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden;">
&lt;iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" loading="eager" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D2vj0WcvH5c?autoplay=0&amp;controls=1&amp;end=0&amp;loop=0&amp;mute=0&amp;start=0" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border:0;" title="YouTube video"
>&lt;/iframe>
&lt;/div>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Youtube&lt;/strong>:&lt;/p>
&lt;pre>&lt;code>{{&amp;lt; youtube w7Ft2ymGmfc &amp;gt;}}
&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Bilibili&lt;/strong>:&lt;/p>
&lt;pre>&lt;code>{{&amp;lt; bilibili id=&amp;quot;BV1WV4y1r7DF&amp;quot; &amp;gt;}}
&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Video file&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Videos may be added to a page by either placing them in your &lt;code>assets/media/&lt;/code> media library or in your &lt;a href="https://gohugo.io/content-management/page-bundles/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">page&amp;rsquo;s folder&lt;/a>, and then embedding them with the &lt;em>video&lt;/em> shortcode:&lt;/p>
&lt;pre>&lt;code>{{&amp;lt; video src=&amp;quot;my_video.mp4&amp;quot; controls=&amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; &amp;gt;}}
&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>
&lt;h2 id="podcast">Podcast&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>You can add a podcast or music to a page by placing the MP3 file in the page&amp;rsquo;s folder or the media library folder and then embedding the audio on your page with the &lt;em>audio&lt;/em> shortcode:&lt;/p>
&lt;pre>&lt;code>{{&amp;lt; audio src=&amp;quot;ambient-piano.mp3&amp;quot; &amp;gt;}}
&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>Try it out:&lt;/p>
&lt;audio controls >
&lt;source src="https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/python/ambient-piano.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
&lt;/audio>
&lt;h2 id="test-students">Test students&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Provide a simple yet fun self-assessment by revealing the solutions to challenges with the &lt;code>spoiler&lt;/code> shortcode:&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-markdown" data-lang="markdown">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nt">spoiler&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">text&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;👉 Click to view the solution&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>}}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">You found me!
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">spoiler&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>}}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>renders as&lt;/p>
&lt;details class="spoiler " id="spoiler-2">
&lt;summary class="cursor-pointer">👉 Click to view the solution&lt;/summary>
&lt;div class="rounded-lg bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-800 p-2">
You found me 🎉
&lt;/div>
&lt;/details>
&lt;h2 id="math">Math&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Hugo Blox Builder supports a Markdown extension for $\LaTeX$ math. You can enable this feature by toggling the &lt;code>math&lt;/code> option in your &lt;code>config/_default/params.yaml&lt;/code> file.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>To render &lt;em>inline&lt;/em> or &lt;em>block&lt;/em> math, wrap your LaTeX math with &lt;code>{{&amp;lt; math &amp;gt;}}$...${{&amp;lt; /math &amp;gt;}}&lt;/code> or &lt;code>{{&amp;lt; math &amp;gt;}}$$...$${{&amp;lt; /math &amp;gt;}}&lt;/code>, respectively.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="flex px-4 py-3 mb-6 rounded-md bg-primary-100 dark:bg-primary-900">
&lt;span class="pr-3 pt-1 text-primary-600 dark:text-primary-300">
&lt;svg height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">&lt;path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="m11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 0 1 1.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 0 0 1.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 1 1-18 0a9 9 0 0 1 18 0m-9-3.75h.008v.008H12z"/>&lt;/svg>
&lt;/span>
&lt;span class="dark:text-neutral-300">We wrap the LaTeX math in the Hugo Blox &lt;em>math&lt;/em> shortcode to prevent Hugo rendering our math as Markdown.&lt;/span>
&lt;/div>
&lt;p>Example &lt;strong>math block&lt;/strong>:&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-latex" data-lang="latex">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">{{&lt;/span>&amp;lt; math &amp;gt;&lt;span class="nb">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="sb">$$&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\gamma&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">_{n} &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\frac&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{ &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\left&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> | &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\left&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> x_{n} &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> x_{n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">} &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\right&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">^T &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\left&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\nabla&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> F &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> x_{n}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\nabla&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> F &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> x_{n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\right&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">]&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\right&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> |}{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\left&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\|\nabla&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> F&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{x}_{n}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\nabla&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> F&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\mathbf&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{x}_{n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\right&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\|&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">^&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">2&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">$$&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">{{&lt;/span>&amp;lt; /math &amp;gt;&lt;span class="nb">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>renders as&lt;/p>
$$\gamma_{n} = \frac{ \left | \left (\mathbf x_{n} - \mathbf x_{n-1} \right )^T \left [\nabla F (\mathbf x_{n}) - \nabla F (\mathbf x_{n-1}) \right ] \right |}{\left \|\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n}) - \nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n-1}) \right \|^2}$$
&lt;p>Example &lt;strong>inline math&lt;/strong> &lt;code>{{&amp;lt; math &amp;gt;}}$\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})${{&amp;lt; /math &amp;gt;}}&lt;/code> renders as $\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})$
.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Example &lt;strong>multi-line math&lt;/strong> using the math linebreak (&lt;code>\\&lt;/code>):&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-latex" data-lang="latex">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">{{&lt;/span>&amp;lt; math &amp;gt;&lt;span class="nb">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="sb">$$&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">f&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">k;p_{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}^{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\begin&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{cases}p_{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}^{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">} &amp;amp; &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\text&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{if }k&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">, &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\\&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">p_{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">}^{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">} &amp;amp; &lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\text&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{if }k&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="m">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nv">\end&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">{cases}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">$$&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nb">{{&lt;/span>&amp;lt; /math &amp;gt;&lt;span class="nb">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>renders as&lt;/p>
$$
f(k;p_{0}^{*}) = \begin{cases}p_{0}^{*} &amp; \text{if }k=1, \\
1-p_{0}^{*} &amp; \text{if }k=0.\end{cases}
$$
&lt;h2 id="code">Code&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Hugo Blox Builder utilises Hugo&amp;rsquo;s Markdown extension for highlighting code syntax. The code theme can be selected in the &lt;code>config/_default/params.yaml&lt;/code> file.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre>&lt;code>```python
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv(&amp;quot;data.csv&amp;quot;)
data.head()
```
&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>renders as&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-python" data-lang="python">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pandas&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">as&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pd&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">pd&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">read_csv&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;data.csv&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">head&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;h2 id="inline-images">Inline Images&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-go" data-lang="go">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">{{&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">icon&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;python&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;}}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">Python&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/div>&lt;p>renders as&lt;/p>
&lt;p>
&lt;span class="inline-block pr-1">
&lt;svg style="height: 1em; transform: translateY(0.1em);" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 512" fill="currentColor">&lt;path d="M439.8 200.5c-7.7-30.9-22.3-54.2-53.4-54.2h-40.1v47.4c0 36.8-31.2 67.8-66.8 67.8H172.7c-29.2 0-53.4 25-53.4 54.3v101.8c0 29 25.2 46 53.4 54.3 33.8 9.9 66.3 11.7 106.8 0 26.9-7.8 53.4-23.5 53.4-54.3v-40.7H226.2v-13.6h160.2c31.1 0 42.6-21.7 53.4-54.2 11.2-33.5 10.7-65.7 0-108.6zM286.2 404c11.1 0 20.1 9.1 20.1 20.3 0 11.3-9 20.4-20.1 20.4-11 0-20.1-9.2-20.1-20.4.1-11.3 9.1-20.3 20.1-20.3zM167.8 248.1h106.8c29.7 0 53.4-24.5 53.4-54.3V91.9c0-29-24.4-50.7-53.4-55.6-35.8-5.9-74.7-5.6-106.8.1-45.2 8-53.4 24.7-53.4 55.6v40.7h106.9v13.6h-147c-31.1 0-58.3 18.7-66.8 54.2-9.8 40.7-10.2 66.1 0 108.6 7.6 31.6 25.7 54.2 56.8 54.2H101v-48.8c0-35.3 30.5-66.4 66.8-66.4zm-6.7-142.6c-11.1 0-20.1-9.1-20.1-20.3.1-11.3 9-20.4 20.1-20.4 11 0 20.1 9.2 20.1 20.4s-9 20.3-20.1 20.3z"/>&lt;/svg>
&lt;/span> Python&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="did-you-find-this-page-helpful-consider-sharing-it-">Did you find this page helpful? Consider sharing it 🙌&lt;/h2></description></item><item><title>Learn Research Methodology</title><link>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/research/</link><pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://itzelvazsan.github.io/teaching/research/</guid><description>&lt;p>I will be creating a course based on what I teach to Bachelor&amp;rsquo;s students in actuarial science. Generally, I share my passion through different topics such as sports, fashion, theatre, among others. I love helping students create research project questions to solve using quantitative methods.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>What is the meaning of &amp;ldquo;research&amp;rdquo;?&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="research">Research&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Research is the systematic process of searching for information to answer a question, solve a problem, or generate new knowledge. It has three main characteristics:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>It starts with a problem or a question.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>It should be based on evidence.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>It has a clear goal.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h2 id="the-research-problem">The research problem&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>A research problem shows a relationship between variables, is written as a clear question, and can be measured or observed in real life. The problem statement includes five main elements:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Objectives (what the study aims to achieve),&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Research questions (what will be analyzed),&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Justification (why the study is important),&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Feasibility (available resources, scope, and consequences) and&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Identifies gaps in knowledge to explore new perspectives.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h2 id="hypotheses">Hypotheses&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>A research hypothesis guides the study and indicates what we are trying to prove. It is a tentative explanation of the phenomenon or problem being studied, which can be tested with evidence and either accepted or rejected. There are different types of research hypotheses:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Descriptive hypotheses predict a specific value.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Correlational hypotheses describe relationships between two or more variables.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Group difference hypotheses compare groups.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Causal hypotheses establish cause-and-effect relationships.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h2 id="scientific-papers-structure">Scientific Papers Structure&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>A scientific text includes the following elements:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>It begins with an &lt;em>introduction&lt;/em>, where the objective, research question, and hypotheses are presented in a clear and engaging way.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Then, the &lt;em>literature review&lt;/em> explains what other researchers have found.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>The &lt;em>methods and data&lt;/em> section describes how the data will be analyzed, what variables are included, and where the data comes from.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Next, the &lt;em>results&lt;/em> present the findings without interpretation, often using tables and graphs.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>The &lt;em>discussion&lt;/em> compares the results with previous studies and evaluates the hypothesis.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Finally, the &lt;em>conclusions&lt;/em> highlight the main findings, explain whether the objective was achieved, and suggest directions for future research.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Do not forget the &lt;em>references&lt;/em>!&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h2 id="in-short">In Short&lt;/h2>
&lt;p>Research is a way to understand the world by asking questions and looking for answers using information and evidence. It starts with a clear problem or question that can be observed or measured, and it often explores the relationship between different variables.
To study a problem, researchers create hypotheses, which are possible explanations that can be tested and either accepted or rejected. Finally, all this work is organized in a scientific text, which includes an introduction, a review of other studies, the methods used, the results, and the conclusions.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="did-you-find-this-page-helpful-consider-sharing-it-">Did you find this page helpful? Consider sharing it 🙌&lt;/h2></description></item></channel></rss>